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name : tcp.py
 # Copyright (c) Twisted Matrix Laboratories.
# See LICENSE for details.

"""
TCP support for IOCP reactor
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import errno
import socket
import struct
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional, Union

from zope.interface import classImplements, implementer

from twisted.internet import address, defer, error, interfaces, main
from twisted.internet.abstract import _LogOwner, isIPv6Address
from twisted.internet.address import IPv4Address, IPv6Address
from twisted.internet.interfaces import IProtocol
from twisted.internet.iocpreactor import abstract, iocpsupport as _iocp
from twisted.internet.iocpreactor.const import (
    ERROR_CONNECTION_REFUSED,
    ERROR_IO_PENDING,
    ERROR_NETWORK_UNREACHABLE,
    SO_UPDATE_ACCEPT_CONTEXT,
    SO_UPDATE_CONNECT_CONTEXT,
)
from twisted.internet.iocpreactor.interfaces import IReadWriteHandle
from twisted.internet.protocol import Protocol
from twisted.internet.tcp import (
    Connector as TCPConnector,
    _AbortingMixin,
    _BaseBaseClient,
    _BaseTCPClient,
    _getsockname,
    _resolveIPv6,
    _SocketCloser,
)
from twisted.python import failure, log, reflect

try:
    from twisted.internet._newtls import startTLS as __startTLS
except ImportError:
    _startTLS = None
else:
    _startTLS = __startTLS

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    # Circular import only to describe a type.
    from twisted.internet.iocpreactor.reactor import IOCPReactor

# ConnectEx returns these. XXX: find out what it does for timeout
connectExErrors = {
    ERROR_CONNECTION_REFUSED: errno.WSAECONNREFUSED,  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
    ERROR_NETWORK_UNREACHABLE: errno.WSAENETUNREACH,  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
}


@implementer(IReadWriteHandle, interfaces.ITCPTransport, interfaces.ISystemHandle)
class Connection(abstract.FileHandle, _SocketCloser, _AbortingMixin):
    """
    @ivar TLS: C{False} to indicate the connection is in normal TCP mode,
        C{True} to indicate that TLS has been started and that operations must
        be routed through the L{TLSMemoryBIOProtocol} instance.
    """

    TLS = False

    def __init__(self, sock, proto, reactor=None):
        abstract.FileHandle.__init__(self, reactor)
        self.socket = sock
        self.getFileHandle = sock.fileno
        self.protocol = proto

    def getHandle(self):
        return self.socket

    def dataReceived(self, rbuffer):
        """
        @param rbuffer: Data received.
        @type rbuffer: L{bytes} or L{bytearray}
        """
        if isinstance(rbuffer, bytes):
            pass
        elif isinstance(rbuffer, bytearray):
            # XXX: some day, we'll have protocols that can handle raw buffers
            rbuffer = bytes(rbuffer)
        else:
            raise TypeError("data must be bytes or bytearray, not " + type(rbuffer))

        self.protocol.dataReceived(rbuffer)

    def readFromHandle(self, bufflist, evt):
        return _iocp.recv(self.getFileHandle(), bufflist, evt)

    def writeToHandle(self, buff, evt):
        """
        Send C{buff} to current file handle using C{_iocp.send}. The buffer
        sent is limited to a size of C{self.SEND_LIMIT}.
        """
        writeView = memoryview(buff)
        return _iocp.send(
            self.getFileHandle(), writeView[0 : self.SEND_LIMIT].tobytes(), evt
        )

    def _closeWriteConnection(self):
        try:
            self.socket.shutdown(1)
        except OSError:
            pass
        p = interfaces.IHalfCloseableProtocol(self.protocol, None)
        if p:
            try:
                p.writeConnectionLost()
            except BaseException:
                f = failure.Failure()
                log.err()
                self.connectionLost(f)

    def readConnectionLost(self, reason):
        p = interfaces.IHalfCloseableProtocol(self.protocol, None)
        if p:
            try:
                p.readConnectionLost()
            except BaseException:
                log.err()
                self.connectionLost(failure.Failure())
        else:
            self.connectionLost(reason)

    def connectionLost(self, reason):
        if self.disconnected:
            return
        abstract.FileHandle.connectionLost(self, reason)
        isClean = reason is None or not reason.check(error.ConnectionAborted)
        self._closeSocket(isClean)
        protocol = self.protocol
        del self.protocol
        del self.socket
        del self.getFileHandle
        protocol.connectionLost(reason)

    def logPrefix(self):
        """
        Return the prefix to log with when I own the logging thread.
        """
        return self.logstr

    def getTcpNoDelay(self):
        return bool(self.socket.getsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY))

    def setTcpNoDelay(self, enabled):
        self.socket.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, enabled)

    def getTcpKeepAlive(self):
        return bool(self.socket.getsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_KEEPALIVE))

    def setTcpKeepAlive(self, enabled):
        self.socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_KEEPALIVE, enabled)

    if _startTLS is not None:

        def startTLS(self, contextFactory, normal=True):
            """
            @see: L{ITLSTransport.startTLS}
            """
            _startTLS(self, contextFactory, normal, abstract.FileHandle)

    def write(self, data):
        """
        Write some data, either directly to the underlying handle or, if TLS
        has been started, to the L{TLSMemoryBIOProtocol} for it to encrypt and
        send.

        @see: L{twisted.internet.interfaces.ITransport.write}
        """
        if self.disconnected:
            return
        if self.TLS:
            self.protocol.write(data)
        else:
            abstract.FileHandle.write(self, data)

    def writeSequence(self, iovec):
        """
        Write some data, either directly to the underlying handle or, if TLS
        has been started, to the L{TLSMemoryBIOProtocol} for it to encrypt and
        send.

        @see: L{twisted.internet.interfaces.ITransport.writeSequence}
        """
        if self.disconnected:
            return
        if self.TLS:
            self.protocol.writeSequence(iovec)
        else:
            abstract.FileHandle.writeSequence(self, iovec)

    def loseConnection(self, reason=None):
        """
        Close the underlying handle or, if TLS has been started, first shut it
        down.

        @see: L{twisted.internet.interfaces.ITransport.loseConnection}
        """
        if self.TLS:
            if self.connected and not self.disconnecting:
                self.protocol.loseConnection()
        else:
            abstract.FileHandle.loseConnection(self, reason)

    def registerProducer(self, producer, streaming):
        """
        Register a producer.

        If TLS is enabled, the TLS connection handles this.
        """
        if self.TLS:
            # Registering a producer before we're connected shouldn't be a
            # problem. If we end up with a write(), that's already handled in
            # the write() code above, and there are no other potential
            # side-effects.
            self.protocol.registerProducer(producer, streaming)
        else:
            abstract.FileHandle.registerProducer(self, producer, streaming)

    def unregisterProducer(self):
        """
        Unregister a producer.

        If TLS is enabled, the TLS connection handles this.
        """
        if self.TLS:
            self.protocol.unregisterProducer()
        else:
            abstract.FileHandle.unregisterProducer(self)

    def getHost(self):
        # ITCPTransport.getHost
        pass

    def getPeer(self):
        # ITCPTransport.getPeer
        pass


if _startTLS is not None:
    classImplements(Connection, interfaces.ITLSTransport)


class Client(_BaseBaseClient, _BaseTCPClient, Connection):
    """
    @ivar _tlsClientDefault: Always C{True}, indicating that this is a client
        connection, and by default when TLS is negotiated this class will act as
        a TLS client.
    """

    addressFamily = socket.AF_INET
    socketType = socket.SOCK_STREAM

    _tlsClientDefault = True
    _commonConnection = Connection

    def __init__(self, host, port, bindAddress, connector, reactor):
        # ConnectEx documentation says socket _has_ to be bound
        if bindAddress is None:
            bindAddress = ("", 0)
        self.reactor = reactor  # createInternetSocket needs this
        _BaseTCPClient.__init__(self, host, port, bindAddress, connector, reactor)

    def createInternetSocket(self):
        """
        Create a socket registered with the IOCP reactor.

        @see: L{_BaseTCPClient}
        """
        return self.reactor.createSocket(self.addressFamily, self.socketType)

    def _collectSocketDetails(self):
        """
        Clean up potentially circular references to the socket and to its
        C{getFileHandle} method.

        @see: L{_BaseBaseClient}
        """
        del self.socket, self.getFileHandle

    def _stopReadingAndWriting(self):
        """
        Remove the active handle from the reactor.

        @see: L{_BaseBaseClient}
        """
        self.reactor.removeActiveHandle(self)

    def cbConnect(self, rc, data, evt):
        if rc:
            rc = connectExErrors.get(rc, rc)
            self.failIfNotConnected(
                error.getConnectError((rc, errno.errorcode.get(rc, "Unknown error")))
            )
        else:
            self.socket.setsockopt(
                socket.SOL_SOCKET,
                SO_UPDATE_CONNECT_CONTEXT,
                struct.pack("P", self.socket.fileno()),
            )
            self.protocol = self.connector.buildProtocol(self.getPeer())
            self.connected = True
            logPrefix = self._getLogPrefix(self.protocol)
            self.logstr = logPrefix + ",client"
            if self.protocol is None:
                # Factory.buildProtocol is allowed to return None.  In that
                # case, make up a protocol to satisfy the rest of the
                # implementation; connectionLost is going to be called on
                # something, for example.  This is easier than adding special
                # case support for a None protocol throughout the rest of the
                # transport implementation.
                self.protocol = Protocol()
                # But dispose of the connection quickly.
                self.loseConnection()
            else:
                self.protocol.makeConnection(self)
                self.startReading()

    def doConnect(self):
        if not hasattr(self, "connector"):
            # this happens if we connector.stopConnecting in
            # factory.startedConnecting
            return
        assert _iocp.have_connectex
        self.reactor.addActiveHandle(self)
        evt = _iocp.Event(self.cbConnect, self)

        rc = _iocp.connect(self.socket.fileno(), self.realAddress, evt)
        if rc and rc != ERROR_IO_PENDING:
            self.cbConnect(rc, 0, evt)


class Server(Connection):
    """
    Serverside socket-stream connection class.

    I am a serverside network connection transport; a socket which came from an
    accept() on a server.

    @ivar _tlsClientDefault: Always C{False}, indicating that this is a server
        connection, and by default when TLS is negotiated this class will act as
        a TLS server.
    """

    _tlsClientDefault = False

    def __init__(
        self,
        sock: socket.socket,
        protocol: IProtocol,
        clientAddr: Union[IPv4Address, IPv6Address],
        serverAddr: Union[IPv4Address, IPv6Address],
        sessionno: int,
        reactor: IOCPReactor,
    ):
        """
        Server(sock, protocol, client, server, sessionno)

        Initialize me with a socket, a protocol, a descriptor for my peer (a
        tuple of host, port describing the other end of the connection), an
        instance of Port, and a session number.
        """
        Connection.__init__(self, sock, protocol, reactor)
        self.serverAddr = serverAddr
        self.clientAddr = clientAddr
        self.sessionno = sessionno
        logPrefix = self._getLogPrefix(self.protocol)
        self.logstr = f"{logPrefix},{sessionno},{self.clientAddr.host}"
        self.repstr: str = "<{} #{} on {}>".format(
            self.protocol.__class__.__name__,
            self.sessionno,
            self.serverAddr.port,
        )
        self.connected = True
        self.startReading()

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        """
        A string representation of this connection.
        """
        return self.repstr

    def getHost(self):
        """
        Returns an IPv4Address.

        This indicates the server's address.
        """
        return self.serverAddr

    def getPeer(self):
        """
        Returns an IPv4Address.

        This indicates the client's address.
        """
        return self.clientAddr


class Connector(TCPConnector):
    def _makeTransport(self):
        return Client(self.host, self.port, self.bindAddress, self, self.reactor)


@implementer(interfaces.IListeningPort)
class Port(_SocketCloser, _LogOwner):
    connected = False
    disconnected = False
    disconnecting = False
    addressFamily = socket.AF_INET
    socketType = socket.SOCK_STREAM
    _addressType = address.IPv4Address
    sessionno = 0

    # Actual port number being listened on, only set to a non-None
    # value when we are actually listening.
    _realPortNumber: Optional[int] = None

    # A string describing the connections which will be created by this port.
    # Normally this is C{"TCP"}, since this is a TCP port, but when the TLS
    # implementation re-uses this class it overrides the value with C{"TLS"}.
    # Only used for logging.
    _type = "TCP"

    def __init__(self, port, factory, backlog=50, interface="", reactor=None):
        self.port = port
        self.factory = factory
        self.backlog = backlog
        self.interface = interface
        self.reactor = reactor
        if isIPv6Address(interface):
            self.addressFamily = socket.AF_INET6
            self._addressType = address.IPv6Address

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        if self._realPortNumber is not None:
            return "<{} of {} on {}>".format(
                self.__class__,
                self.factory.__class__,
                self._realPortNumber,
            )
        else:
            return "<{} of {} (not listening)>".format(
                self.__class__,
                self.factory.__class__,
            )

    def startListening(self):
        try:
            skt = self.reactor.createSocket(self.addressFamily, self.socketType)
            # TODO: resolve self.interface if necessary
            if self.addressFamily == socket.AF_INET6:
                addr = _resolveIPv6(self.interface, self.port)
            else:
                addr = (self.interface, self.port)
            skt.bind(addr)
        except OSError as le:
            raise error.CannotListenError(self.interface, self.port, le)

        self.addrLen = _iocp.maxAddrLen(skt.fileno())

        # Make sure that if we listened on port 0, we update that to
        # reflect what the OS actually assigned us.
        self._realPortNumber = skt.getsockname()[1]

        log.msg(
            "%s starting on %s"
            % (self._getLogPrefix(self.factory), self._realPortNumber)
        )

        self.factory.doStart()
        skt.listen(self.backlog)
        self.connected = True
        self.disconnected = False
        self.reactor.addActiveHandle(self)
        self.socket = skt
        self.getFileHandle = self.socket.fileno
        self.doAccept()

    def loseConnection(self, connDone=failure.Failure(main.CONNECTION_DONE)):
        """
        Stop accepting connections on this port.

        This will shut down my socket and call self.connectionLost().
        It returns a deferred which will fire successfully when the
        port is actually closed.
        """
        self.disconnecting = True
        if self.connected:
            self.deferred = defer.Deferred()
            self.reactor.callLater(0, self.connectionLost, connDone)
            return self.deferred

    stopListening = loseConnection

    def _logConnectionLostMsg(self):
        """
        Log message for closing port
        """
        log.msg(f"({self._type} Port {self._realPortNumber} Closed)")

    def connectionLost(self, reason):
        """
        Cleans up the socket.
        """
        self._logConnectionLostMsg()
        self._realPortNumber = None
        d = None
        if hasattr(self, "deferred"):
            d = self.deferred
            del self.deferred

        self.disconnected = True
        self.reactor.removeActiveHandle(self)
        self.connected = False
        self._closeSocket(True)
        del self.socket
        del self.getFileHandle

        try:
            self.factory.doStop()
        except BaseException:
            self.disconnecting = False
            if d is not None:
                d.errback(failure.Failure())
            else:
                raise
        else:
            self.disconnecting = False
            if d is not None:
                d.callback(None)

    def logPrefix(self):
        """
        Returns the name of my class, to prefix log entries with.
        """
        return reflect.qual(self.factory.__class__)

    def getHost(self):
        """
        Returns an IPv4Address or IPv6Address.

        This indicates the server's address.
        """
        return self._addressType("TCP", *_getsockname(self.socket))

    def cbAccept(self, rc, data, evt):
        self.handleAccept(rc, evt)
        if not (self.disconnecting or self.disconnected):
            self.doAccept()

    def handleAccept(self, rc, evt):
        if self.disconnecting or self.disconnected:
            return False

        # possible errors:
        # (WSAEMFILE, WSAENOBUFS, WSAENFILE, WSAENOMEM, WSAECONNABORTED)
        if rc:
            log.msg(
                "Could not accept new connection -- %s (%s)"
                % (errno.errorcode.get(rc, "unknown error"), rc)
            )
            return False
        else:
            # Inherit the properties from the listening port socket as
            # documented in the `Remarks` section of AcceptEx.
            # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/mswsock/nf-mswsock-acceptex
            # In this way we can call getsockname and getpeername on the
            # accepted socket.
            evt.newskt.setsockopt(
                socket.SOL_SOCKET,
                SO_UPDATE_ACCEPT_CONTEXT,
                struct.pack("P", self.socket.fileno()),
            )
            family, lAddr, rAddr = _iocp.get_accept_addrs(evt.newskt.fileno(), evt.buff)
            assert family == self.addressFamily

            # Build an IPv6 address that includes the scopeID, if necessary
            if "%" in lAddr[0]:
                scope = int(lAddr[0].split("%")[1])
                lAddr = (lAddr[0], lAddr[1], 0, scope)
            if "%" in rAddr[0]:
                scope = int(rAddr[0].split("%")[1])
                rAddr = (rAddr[0], rAddr[1], 0, scope)

            protocol = self.factory.buildProtocol(self._addressType("TCP", *rAddr))
            if protocol is None:
                evt.newskt.close()
            else:
                s = self.sessionno
                self.sessionno = s + 1
                transport = Server(
                    evt.newskt,
                    protocol,
                    self._addressType("TCP", *rAddr),
                    self._addressType("TCP", *lAddr),
                    s,
                    self.reactor,
                )
                protocol.makeConnection(transport)
            return True

    def doAccept(self):
        evt = _iocp.Event(self.cbAccept, self)

        # see AcceptEx documentation
        evt.buff = buff = bytearray(2 * (self.addrLen + 16))

        evt.newskt = newskt = self.reactor.createSocket(
            self.addressFamily, self.socketType
        )
        rc = _iocp.accept(self.socket.fileno(), newskt.fileno(), buff, evt)

        if rc and rc != ERROR_IO_PENDING:
            self.handleAccept(rc, evt)
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