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name : show.py
 #   Copyright (C) 2016 Canonical Ltd.
#
#   Author: Ryan Harper <ryan.harper@canonical.com>
#
# This file is part of cloud-init. See LICENSE file for license information.

import datetime
import json
import sys
import time

from cloudinit import subp, util
from cloudinit.distros import uses_systemd

# Example events:
#     {
#             "description": "executing late commands",
#             "event_type": "start",
#             "level": "INFO",
#             "name": "cmd-install/stage-late"
#             "origin": "cloudinit",
#             "timestamp": 1461164249.1590767,
#     }
#     {
#         "description": "executing late commands",
#         "event_type": "finish",
#         "level": "INFO",
#         "name": "cmd-install/stage-late",
#         "origin": "cloudinit",
#         "result": "SUCCESS",
#         "timestamp": 1461164249.1590767
#     }

format_key = {
    "%d": "delta",
    "%D": "description",
    "%E": "elapsed",
    "%e": "event_type",
    "%I": "indent",
    "%l": "level",
    "%n": "name",
    "%o": "origin",
    "%r": "result",
    "%t": "timestamp",
    "%T": "total_time",
}

SUCCESS_CODE = "successful"
FAIL_CODE = "failure"
CONTAINER_CODE = "container"
TIMESTAMP_UNKNOWN = (FAIL_CODE, -1, -1, -1)


def format_record(msg, event):
    for i, j in format_key.items():
        if i in msg:
            # ensure consistent formatting of time values
            if j in ["delta", "elapsed", "timestamp"]:
                msg = msg.replace(i, "{%s:08.5f}" % j)
            else:
                msg = msg.replace(i, "{%s}" % j)
    return msg.format(**event)


def event_name(event):
    if event:
        return event.get("name")
    return None


def event_type(event):
    if event:
        return event.get("event_type")
    return None


def event_parent(event):
    if event:
        return event_name(event).split("/")[0]
    return None


def event_timestamp(event):
    return float(event.get("timestamp"))


def event_datetime(event):
    return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(
        event_timestamp(event), datetime.timezone.utc
    )


def delta_seconds(t1, t2):
    return (t2 - t1).total_seconds()


def event_duration(start, finish):
    return delta_seconds(event_datetime(start), event_datetime(finish))


def event_record(start_time, start, finish):
    record = finish.copy()
    record.update(
        {
            "delta": event_duration(start, finish),
            "elapsed": delta_seconds(start_time, event_datetime(start)),
            "indent": "|" + " " * (event_name(start).count("/") - 1) + "`->",
        }
    )

    return record


def total_time_record(total_time):
    return "Total Time: %3.5f seconds\n" % total_time


class SystemctlReader:
    """
    Class for dealing with all systemctl subp calls in a consistent manner.
    """

    def __init__(self, property, parameter=None):
        self.stdout = None
        self.args = [subp.which("systemctl"), "show"]
        if parameter:
            self.args.append(parameter)
        # --timestamp=utc is needed for native date strings. Othwerise,
        # the datetime will be returned in the local timezone (which would be
        # a problem for strptime used later on in this method)
        # This option does not affect monotonic properties (values as
        # microsecond int)
        self.args.extend(["-p", property, "--timestamp=us+utc"])

        # Don't want the init of our object to break. Instead of throwing
        # an exception, set an error code that gets checked when data is
        # requested from the object
        self.failure = self.subp()

    def subp(self):
        """
        Make a subp call based on set args and handle errors by setting
        failure code

        :return: whether the subp call failed or not
        """
        try:
            value, err = subp.subp(self.args, capture=True)
            if err:
                return err
            self.stdout = value
            return None
        except Exception as systemctl_fail:
            return systemctl_fail

    def convert_val_to_float(self):
        """
        If subp call succeeded, return the timestamp from subp as a float.

        :return: timestamp as a float
        """
        # subp has 2 ways to fail: it either fails and throws an exception,
        # or returns an error code. Raise an exception here in order to make
        # sure both scenarios throw exceptions
        if self.failure:
            raise RuntimeError(
                "Subprocess call to systemctl has failed, "
                "returning error code ({})".format(self.failure)
            )
        # Output from systemctl show has the format Property=Value.
        val = self.stdout.split("=")[1].strip()

        if val.isnumeric():
            # Float Timestamps reported by systemctl are in
            # microseconds, converting to seconds
            # For example, UserspaceMonotonic=1929304
            timestamp = float(val) / 1000000
        else:
            # The format in this case is always "%a %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z"
            # For example, UserspaceTimestamp=Wed 2025-07-30 05:14:32 UTC

            # strptime returns a naive datetime so we need to explictly
            # set the timezone of this datetime
            # at the timezone of the parsed string (utc)
            timestamp = (
                datetime.datetime.strptime(val, "%a %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f %Z")
                .replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
                .timestamp()
            )

        return timestamp


def dist_check_timestamp():
    """
    Determine which init system a particular linux distro is using.
    Each init system (systemd, etc) has a different way of
    providing timestamps.

    :return: timestamps of kernelboot, kernelendboot, and cloud-initstart
    or TIMESTAMP_UNKNOWN if the timestamps cannot be retrieved.
    """

    if uses_systemd():
        return gather_timestamps_using_systemd()

    # Use dmesg to get timestamps if the distro does not have systemd
    if util.is_FreeBSD() or "gentoo" in util.system_info()["system"].lower():
        return gather_timestamps_using_dmesg()

    # this distro doesn't fit anything that is supported by cloud-init. just
    # return error codes
    return TIMESTAMP_UNKNOWN


def gather_timestamps_using_dmesg():
    """
    Gather timestamps that corresponds to kernel begin initialization,
    kernel finish initialization using dmesg as opposed to systemctl

    :return: the two timestamps plus a dummy timestamp to keep consistency
    with gather_timestamps_using_systemd
    """
    try:
        data, _ = subp.subp(["dmesg"], capture=True)
        split_entries = data[0].splitlines()
        for i in split_entries:
            if i.decode("UTF-8").find("user") != -1:
                splitup = i.decode("UTF-8").split()
                stripped = splitup[1].strip("]")

                # kernel timestamp from dmesg is equal to 0,
                # with the userspace timestamp relative to it.
                user_space_timestamp = float(stripped)
                kernel_start = float(time.time()) - float(util.uptime())
                kernel_end = kernel_start + user_space_timestamp

                # systemd wont start cloud-init in this case,
                # so we cannot get that timestamp
                return SUCCESS_CODE, kernel_start, kernel_end, kernel_end

    except Exception:
        pass
    return TIMESTAMP_UNKNOWN


def gather_timestamps_using_systemd():
    """
    Gather timestamps that corresponds to kernel begin initialization,
    kernel finish initialization. and cloud-init systemd unit activation

    :return: the three timesread_propertystamps
    """
    try:
        # The use of the monotonic timestamps is needed in cloud-init-related
        # dates to account for the 2-second delay when cloud-init sets up NTP
        if util.is_container():
            # lxc based containers do not set their monotonic zero point to be
            # when the container starts,
            # instead keep using host boot as zero point
            kernel_start = SystemctlReader(
                "UserspaceTimestamp"
            ).convert_val_to_float()
            monotonic_offset = SystemctlReader(
                "UserspaceTimestampMonotonic"
            ).convert_val_to_float()
        else:
            kernel_start = SystemctlReader(
                "KernelTimestamp"
            ).convert_val_to_float()
            monotonic_offset = SystemctlReader(
                "KernelTimestampMonotonic"
            ).convert_val_to_float()
        kernel_end = (
            SystemctlReader(
                "UserspaceTimestampMonotonic"
            ).convert_val_to_float()
            - monotonic_offset
        )
        cloudinit_sysd = (
            SystemctlReader(
                "InactiveExitTimestampMonotonic", "cloud-init-local"
            ).convert_val_to_float()
            - monotonic_offset
        )

    except Exception as e:
        # Except ALL exceptions as Systemctl reader can throw many different
        # errors, but any failure in systemctl means that timestamps cannot be
        # obtained
        print(e)
        return TIMESTAMP_UNKNOWN

    status = CONTAINER_CODE if util.is_container() else SUCCESS_CODE

    return (
        status,
        kernel_start,
        kernel_start + kernel_end,
        kernel_start + cloudinit_sysd,
    )


def generate_records(
    events,
    print_format="(%n) %d seconds in %I%D",
):
    """
    Take in raw events and create parent-child dependencies between events
    in order to order events in chronological order.

    :param events: JSONs from dump that represents events taken from logs
    :param print_format: formatting to represent event, time stamp,
    and time taken by the event in one line

    :return: boot records ordered chronologically
    """

    sorted_events = sorted(events, key=lambda x: x["timestamp"])
    records = []
    start_time = None
    total_time = 0.0
    stage_start_time = {}
    boot_records = []

    unprocessed = []
    for e in range(len(sorted_events)):
        event = events[e]
        try:
            next_evt = events[e + 1]
        except IndexError:
            next_evt = None

        if event_type(event) == "start":
            if records and event.get("name") == "init-local":
                records.append(total_time_record(total_time))
                boot_records.append(records)
                records = []
                start_time = None
                total_time = 0.0

            if start_time is None:
                start_time = event_datetime(event)
                stage_start_time[event_parent(event)] = start_time

            # see if we have a pair
            if event_name(event) == event_name(next_evt):
                if event_type(next_evt) == "finish":
                    records.append(
                        format_record(
                            print_format,
                            event_record(start_time, event, next_evt),
                        )
                    )
            else:
                # This is a parent event
                records.append("Starting stage: %s" % event.get("name"))
                unprocessed.append(event)
                continue
        else:
            prev_evt = unprocessed.pop()
            if event_name(event) == event_name(prev_evt):
                record = event_record(start_time, prev_evt, event)
                records.append(
                    format_record("Finished stage: (%n) %d seconds", record)
                    + "\n"
                )
                total_time += record.get("delta")
            else:
                # not a match, put it back
                unprocessed.append(prev_evt)

    records.append(total_time_record(total_time))
    boot_records.append(records)
    return boot_records


def show_events(events, print_format):
    """
    A passthrough method that makes it easier to call generate_records()

    :param events: JSONs from dump that represents events taken from logs
    :param print_format: formatting to represent event, time stamp,
    and time taken by the event in one line

    :return: boot records ordered chronologically
    """
    return generate_records(events, print_format=print_format)


def load_events_infile(infile):
    """
    Takes in a log file, read it, and convert to json.

    :param infile: The Log file to be read

    :return: json version of logfile, raw file
    """
    data = infile.read()
    if not data.strip():
        sys.stderr.write("Empty file %s\n" % infile.name)
        sys.exit(1)
    try:
        return json.loads(data), data
    except ValueError:
        return None, data
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