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capable-bpfcc
#! /usr/bin/python3 # @lint-avoid-python-3-compatibility-imports # # capable Trace security capabilitiy checks (cap_capable()). # For Linux, uses BCC, eBPF. Embedded C. # # USAGE: capable [-h] [-v] [-p PID] [-K] [-U] # # Copyright 2016 Netflix, Inc. # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License") # # 13-Sep-2016 Brendan Gregg Created this. from __future__ import print_function from os import getpid from functools import partial from bcc import BPF from bcc.containers import filter_by_containers import errno import argparse from time import strftime # arguments examples = """examples: ./capable # trace capability checks ./capable -v # verbose: include non-audit checks ./capable -p 181 # only trace PID 181 ./capable -K # add kernel stacks to trace ./capable -U # add user-space stacks to trace ./capable -x # extra fields: show TID and INSETID columns ./capable --unique # don't repeat stacks for the same pid or cgroup ./capable --cgroupmap mappath # only trace cgroups in this BPF map ./capable --mntnsmap mappath # only trace mount namespaces in the map """ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser( description="Trace security capability checks", formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter, epilog=examples) parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", action="store_true", help="include non-audit checks") parser.add_argument("-p", "--pid", help="trace this PID only") parser.add_argument("-K", "--kernel-stack", action="store_true", help="output kernel stack trace") parser.add_argument("-U", "--user-stack", action="store_true", help="output user stack trace") parser.add_argument("-x", "--extra", action="store_true", help="show extra fields in TID and INSETID columns") parser.add_argument("--cgroupmap", help="trace cgroups in this BPF map only") parser.add_argument("--mntnsmap", help="trace mount namespaces in this BPF map only") parser.add_argument("--unique", action="store_true", help="don't repeat stacks for the same pid or cgroup") args = parser.parse_args() debug = 0 # capabilities to names, generated from (and will need updating): # awk '/^#define.CAP_.*[0-9]$/ { print " " $3 ": \"" $2 "\"," }' \ # include/uapi/linux/capability.h capabilities = { 0: "CAP_CHOWN", 1: "CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE", 2: "CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH", 3: "CAP_FOWNER", 4: "CAP_FSETID", 5: "CAP_KILL", 6: "CAP_SETGID", 7: "CAP_SETUID", 8: "CAP_SETPCAP", 9: "CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE", 10: "CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE", 11: "CAP_NET_BROADCAST", 12: "CAP_NET_ADMIN", 13: "CAP_NET_RAW", 14: "CAP_IPC_LOCK", 15: "CAP_IPC_OWNER", 16: "CAP_SYS_MODULE", 17: "CAP_SYS_RAWIO", 18: "CAP_SYS_CHROOT", 19: "CAP_SYS_PTRACE", 20: "CAP_SYS_PACCT", 21: "CAP_SYS_ADMIN", 22: "CAP_SYS_BOOT", 23: "CAP_SYS_NICE", 24: "CAP_SYS_RESOURCE", 25: "CAP_SYS_TIME", 26: "CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG", 27: "CAP_MKNOD", 28: "CAP_LEASE", 29: "CAP_AUDIT_WRITE", 30: "CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL", 31: "CAP_SETFCAP", 32: "CAP_MAC_OVERRIDE", 33: "CAP_MAC_ADMIN", 34: "CAP_SYSLOG", 35: "CAP_WAKE_ALARM", 36: "CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND", 37: "CAP_AUDIT_READ", 38: "CAP_PERFMON", 39: "CAP_BPF", 40: "CAP_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE", } class Enum(set): def __getattr__(self, name): if name in self: return name raise AttributeError # Stack trace types StackType = Enum(("Kernel", "User",)) # define BPF program bpf_text = """ #include <uapi/linux/ptrace.h> #include <linux/sched.h> #include <linux/security.h> struct data_t { u32 tgid; u32 pid; u32 uid; int cap; int audit; int insetid; char comm[TASK_COMM_LEN]; #ifdef KERNEL_STACKS int kernel_stack_id; #endif #ifdef USER_STACKS int user_stack_id; #endif }; BPF_PERF_OUTPUT(events); #if UNIQUESET struct repeat_t { int cap; u32 tgid; #if CGROUPSET u64 cgroupid; #endif #ifdef KERNEL_STACKS int kernel_stack_id; #endif #ifdef USER_STACKS int user_stack_id; #endif }; BPF_HASH(seen, struct repeat_t, u64); #endif #if defined(USER_STACKS) || defined(KERNEL_STACKS) BPF_STACK_TRACE(stacks, 2048); #endif int kprobe__cap_capable(struct pt_regs *ctx, const struct cred *cred, struct user_namespace *targ_ns, int cap, int cap_opt) { u64 __pid_tgid = bpf_get_current_pid_tgid(); u32 tgid = __pid_tgid >> 32; u32 pid = __pid_tgid; int audit; int insetid; #ifdef CAP_OPT_NONE audit = (cap_opt & 0b10) == 0; insetid = (cap_opt & 0b100) != 0; #else audit = cap_opt; insetid = -1; #endif FILTER1 FILTER2 FILTER3 if (container_should_be_filtered()) { return 0; } u32 uid = bpf_get_current_uid_gid(); struct data_t data = {}; data.tgid = tgid; data.pid = pid; data.uid = uid; data.cap = cap; data.audit = audit; data.insetid = insetid; #ifdef KERNEL_STACKS data.kernel_stack_id = stacks.get_stackid(ctx, 0); #endif #ifdef USER_STACKS data.user_stack_id = stacks.get_stackid(ctx, BPF_F_USER_STACK); #endif #if UNIQUESET struct repeat_t repeat = {0,}; repeat.cap = cap; #if CGROUP_ID_SET repeat.cgroupid = bpf_get_current_cgroup_id(); #else repeat.tgid = tgid; #endif #ifdef KERNEL_STACKS repeat.kernel_stack_id = data.kernel_stack_id; #endif #ifdef USER_STACKS repeat.user_stack_id = data.user_stack_id; #endif if (seen.lookup(&repeat) != NULL) { return 0; } u64 zero = 0; seen.update(&repeat, &zero); #endif bpf_get_current_comm(&data.comm, sizeof(data.comm)); events.perf_submit(ctx, &data, sizeof(data)); return 0; }; """ if args.pid: bpf_text = bpf_text.replace('FILTER1', 'if (pid != %s) { return 0; }' % args.pid) if not args.verbose: bpf_text = bpf_text.replace('FILTER2', 'if (audit == 0) { return 0; }') if args.kernel_stack: bpf_text = "#define KERNEL_STACKS\n" + bpf_text if args.user_stack: bpf_text = "#define USER_STACKS\n" + bpf_text bpf_text = bpf_text.replace('FILTER1', '') bpf_text = bpf_text.replace('FILTER2', '') bpf_text = bpf_text.replace('FILTER3', 'if (pid == %s) { return 0; }' % getpid()) bpf_text = filter_by_containers(args) + bpf_text if args.unique: bpf_text = bpf_text.replace('UNIQUESET', '1') else: bpf_text = bpf_text.replace('UNIQUESET', '0') if debug: print(bpf_text) # initialize BPF b = BPF(text=bpf_text) # header if args.extra: print("%-9s %-6s %-6s %-6s %-16s %-4s %-20s %-6s %s" % ( "TIME", "UID", "PID", "TID", "COMM", "CAP", "NAME", "AUDIT", "INSETID")) else: print("%-9s %-6s %-6s %-16s %-4s %-20s %-6s" % ( "TIME", "UID", "PID", "COMM", "CAP", "NAME", "AUDIT")) def stack_id_err(stack_id): # -EFAULT in get_stackid normally means the stack-trace is not available, # Such as getting kernel stack trace in userspace code return (stack_id < 0) and (stack_id != -errno.EFAULT) def print_stack(bpf, stack_id, stack_type, tgid): if stack_id_err(stack_id): print(" [Missed %s Stack]" % stack_type) return stack = list(bpf.get_table("stacks").walk(stack_id)) for addr in stack: print(" ", end="") print("%s" % (bpf.sym(addr, tgid, show_module=True, show_offset=True))) # process event def print_event(bpf, cpu, data, size): event = b["events"].event(data) if event.cap in capabilities: name = capabilities[event.cap] else: name = "?" if args.extra: print("%-9s %-6d %-6d %-6d %-16s %-4d %-20s %-6d %s" % (strftime("%H:%M:%S"), event.uid, event.pid, event.tgid, event.comm.decode('utf-8', 'replace'), event.cap, name, event.audit, str(event.insetid) if event.insetid != -1 else "N/A")) else: print("%-9s %-6d %-6d %-16s %-4d %-20s %-6d" % (strftime("%H:%M:%S"), event.uid, event.pid, event.comm.decode('utf-8', 'replace'), event.cap, name, event.audit)) if args.kernel_stack: print_stack(bpf, event.kernel_stack_id, StackType.Kernel, -1) if args.user_stack: print_stack(bpf, event.user_stack_id, StackType.User, event.tgid) # loop with callback to print_event callback = partial(print_event, b) b["events"].open_perf_buffer(callback) while 1: try: b.perf_buffer_poll() except KeyboardInterrupt: exit()
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