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lexer.py
""" pygments.lexer ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Base lexer classes. :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS. :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. """ import re import sys import time from pygments.filter import apply_filters, Filter from pygments.filters import get_filter_by_name from pygments.token import Error, Text, Other, Whitespace, _TokenType from pygments.util import get_bool_opt, get_int_opt, get_list_opt, \ make_analysator, Future, guess_decode from pygments.regexopt import regex_opt __all__ = ['Lexer', 'RegexLexer', 'ExtendedRegexLexer', 'DelegatingLexer', 'LexerContext', 'include', 'inherit', 'bygroups', 'using', 'this', 'default', 'words', 'line_re'] line_re = re.compile('.*?\n') _encoding_map = [(b'\xef\xbb\xbf', 'utf-8'), (b'\xff\xfe\0\0', 'utf-32'), (b'\0\0\xfe\xff', 'utf-32be'), (b'\xff\xfe', 'utf-16'), (b'\xfe\xff', 'utf-16be')] _default_analyse = staticmethod(lambda x: 0.0) class LexerMeta(type): """ This metaclass automagically converts ``analyse_text`` methods into static methods which always return float values. """ def __new__(mcs, name, bases, d): if 'analyse_text' in d: d['analyse_text'] = make_analysator(d['analyse_text']) return type.__new__(mcs, name, bases, d) class Lexer(metaclass=LexerMeta): """ Lexer for a specific language. See also :doc:`lexerdevelopment`, a high-level guide to writing lexers. Lexer classes have attributes used for choosing the most appropriate lexer based on various criteria. .. autoattribute:: name :no-value: .. autoattribute:: aliases :no-value: .. autoattribute:: filenames :no-value: .. autoattribute:: alias_filenames .. autoattribute:: mimetypes :no-value: .. autoattribute:: priority Lexers included in Pygments should have an additional attribute: .. autoattribute:: url :no-value: Lexers included in Pygments may have additional attributes: .. autoattribute:: _example :no-value: You can pass options to the constructor. The basic options recognized by all lexers and processed by the base `Lexer` class are: ``stripnl`` Strip leading and trailing newlines from the input (default: True). ``stripall`` Strip all leading and trailing whitespace from the input (default: False). ``ensurenl`` Make sure that the input ends with a newline (default: True). This is required for some lexers that consume input linewise. .. versionadded:: 1.3 ``tabsize`` If given and greater than 0, expand tabs in the input (default: 0). ``encoding`` If given, must be an encoding name. This encoding will be used to convert the input string to Unicode, if it is not already a Unicode string (default: ``'guess'``, which uses a simple UTF-8 / Locale / Latin1 detection. Can also be ``'chardet'`` to use the chardet library, if it is installed. ``inencoding`` Overrides the ``encoding`` if given. """ #: Full name of the lexer, in human-readable form name = None #: A list of short, unique identifiers that can be used to look #: up the lexer from a list, e.g., using `get_lexer_by_name()`. aliases = [] #: A list of `fnmatch` patterns that match filenames which contain #: content for this lexer. The patterns in this list should be unique among #: all lexers. filenames = [] #: A list of `fnmatch` patterns that match filenames which may or may not #: contain content for this lexer. This list is used by the #: :func:`.guess_lexer_for_filename()` function, to determine which lexers #: are then included in guessing the correct one. That means that #: e.g. every lexer for HTML and a template language should include #: ``\*.html`` in this list. alias_filenames = [] #: A list of MIME types for content that can be lexed with this lexer. mimetypes = [] #: Priority, should multiple lexers match and no content is provided priority = 0 #: URL of the language specification/definition. Used in the Pygments #: documentation. url = None #: Example file name. Relative to the ``tests/examplefiles`` directory. #: This is used by the documentation generator to show an example. _example = None def __init__(self, **options): """ This constructor takes arbitrary options as keyword arguments. Every subclass must first process its own options and then call the `Lexer` constructor, since it processes the basic options like `stripnl`. An example looks like this: .. sourcecode:: python def __init__(self, **options): self.compress = options.get('compress', '') Lexer.__init__(self, **options) As these options must all be specifiable as strings (due to the command line usage), there are various utility functions available to help with that, see `Utilities`_. """ self.options = options self.stripnl = get_bool_opt(options, 'stripnl', True) self.stripall = get_bool_opt(options, 'stripall', False) self.ensurenl = get_bool_opt(options, 'ensurenl', True) self.tabsize = get_int_opt(options, 'tabsize', 0) self.encoding = options.get('encoding', 'guess') self.encoding = options.get('inencoding') or self.encoding self.filters = [] for filter_ in get_list_opt(options, 'filters', ()): self.add_filter(filter_) def __repr__(self): if self.options: return '<pygments.lexers.%s with %r>' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.options) else: return '<pygments.lexers.%s>' % self.__class__.__name__ def add_filter(self, filter_, **options): """ Add a new stream filter to this lexer. """ if not isinstance(filter_, Filter): filter_ = get_filter_by_name(filter_, **options) self.filters.append(filter_) def analyse_text(text): """ A static method which is called for lexer guessing. It should analyse the text and return a float in the range from ``0.0`` to ``1.0``. If it returns ``0.0``, the lexer will not be selected as the most probable one, if it returns ``1.0``, it will be selected immediately. This is used by `guess_lexer`. The `LexerMeta` metaclass automatically wraps this function so that it works like a static method (no ``self`` or ``cls`` parameter) and the return value is automatically converted to `float`. If the return value is an object that is boolean `False` it's the same as if the return values was ``0.0``. """ def _preprocess_lexer_input(self, text): """Apply preprocessing such as decoding the input, removing BOM and normalizing newlines.""" if not isinstance(text, str): if self.encoding == 'guess': text, _ = guess_decode(text) elif self.encoding == 'chardet': try: import chardet except ImportError as e: raise ImportError('To enable chardet encoding guessing, ' 'please install the chardet library ' 'from http://chardet.feedparser.org/') from e # check for BOM first decoded = None for bom, encoding in _encoding_map: if text.startswith(bom): decoded = text[len(bom):].decode(encoding, 'replace') break # no BOM found, so use chardet if decoded is None: enc = chardet.detect(text[:1024]) # Guess using first 1KB decoded = text.decode(enc.get('encoding') or 'utf-8', 'replace') text = decoded else: text = text.decode(self.encoding) if text.startswith('\ufeff'): text = text[len('\ufeff'):] else: if text.startswith('\ufeff'): text = text[len('\ufeff'):] # text now *is* a unicode string text = text.replace('\r\n', '\n') text = text.replace('\r', '\n') if self.stripall: text = text.strip() elif self.stripnl: text = text.strip('\n') if self.tabsize > 0: text = text.expandtabs(self.tabsize) if self.ensurenl and not text.endswith('\n'): text += '\n' return text def get_tokens(self, text, unfiltered=False): """ This method is the basic interface of a lexer. It is called by the `highlight()` function. It must process the text and return an iterable of ``(tokentype, value)`` pairs from `text`. Normally, you don't need to override this method. The default implementation processes the options recognized by all lexers (`stripnl`, `stripall` and so on), and then yields all tokens from `get_tokens_unprocessed()`, with the ``index`` dropped. If `unfiltered` is set to `True`, the filtering mechanism is bypassed even if filters are defined. """ text = self._preprocess_lexer_input(text) def streamer(): for _, t, v in self.get_tokens_unprocessed(text): yield t, v stream = streamer() if not unfiltered: stream = apply_filters(stream, self.filters, self) return stream def get_tokens_unprocessed(self, text): """ This method should process the text and return an iterable of ``(index, tokentype, value)`` tuples where ``index`` is the starting position of the token within the input text. It must be overridden by subclasses. It is recommended to implement it as a generator to maximize effectiveness. """ raise NotImplementedError class DelegatingLexer(Lexer): """ This lexer takes two lexer as arguments. A root lexer and a language lexer. First everything is scanned using the language lexer, afterwards all ``Other`` tokens are lexed using the root lexer. The lexers from the ``template`` lexer package use this base lexer. """ def __init__(self, _root_lexer, _language_lexer, _needle=Other, **options): self.root_lexer = _root_lexer(**options) self.language_lexer = _language_lexer(**options) self.needle = _needle Lexer.__init__(self, **options) def get_tokens_unprocessed(self, text): buffered = '' insertions = [] lng_buffer = [] for i, t, v in self.language_lexer.get_tokens_unprocessed(text): if t is self.needle: if lng_buffer: insertions.append((len(buffered), lng_buffer)) lng_buffer = [] buffered += v else: lng_buffer.append((i, t, v)) if lng_buffer: insertions.append((len(buffered), lng_buffer)) return do_insertions(insertions, self.root_lexer.get_tokens_unprocessed(buffered)) # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # RegexLexer and ExtendedRegexLexer # class include(str): # pylint: disable=invalid-name """ Indicates that a state should include rules from another state. """ pass class _inherit: """ Indicates the a state should inherit from its superclass. """ def __repr__(self): return 'inherit' inherit = _inherit() # pylint: disable=invalid-name class combined(tuple): # pylint: disable=invalid-name """ Indicates a state combined from multiple states. """ def __new__(cls, *args): return tuple.__new__(cls, args) def __init__(self, *args): # tuple.__init__ doesn't do anything pass class _PseudoMatch: """ A pseudo match object constructed from a string. """ def __init__(self, start, text): self._text = text self._start = start def start(self, arg=None): return self._start def end(self, arg=None): return self._start + len(self._text) def group(self, arg=None): if arg: raise IndexError('No such group') return self._text def groups(self): return (self._text,) def groupdict(self): return {} def bygroups(*args): """ Callback that yields multiple actions for each group in the match. """ def callback(lexer, match, ctx=None): for i, action in enumerate(args): if action is None: continue elif type(action) is _TokenType: data = match.group(i + 1) if data: yield match.start(i + 1), action, data else: data = match.group(i + 1) if data is not None: if ctx: ctx.pos = match.start(i + 1) for item in action(lexer, _PseudoMatch(match.start(i + 1), data), ctx): if item: yield item if ctx: ctx.pos = match.end() return callback class _This: """ Special singleton used for indicating the caller class. Used by ``using``. """ this = _This() def using(_other, **kwargs): """ Callback that processes the match with a different lexer. The keyword arguments are forwarded to the lexer, except `state` which is handled separately. `state` specifies the state that the new lexer will start in, and can be an enumerable such as ('root', 'inline', 'string') or a simple string which is assumed to be on top of the root state. Note: For that to work, `_other` must not be an `ExtendedRegexLexer`. """ gt_kwargs = {} if 'state' in kwargs: s = kwargs.pop('state') if isinstance(s, (list, tuple)): gt_kwargs['stack'] = s else: gt_kwargs['stack'] = ('root', s) if _other is this: def callback(lexer, match, ctx=None): # if keyword arguments are given the callback # function has to create a new lexer instance if kwargs: # XXX: cache that somehow kwargs.update(lexer.options) lx = lexer.__class__(**kwargs) else: lx = lexer s = match.start() for i, t, v in lx.get_tokens_unprocessed(match.group(), **gt_kwargs): yield i + s, t, v if ctx: ctx.pos = match.end() else: def callback(lexer, match, ctx=None): # XXX: cache that somehow kwargs.update(lexer.options) lx = _other(**kwargs) s = match.start() for i, t, v in lx.get_tokens_unprocessed(match.group(), **gt_kwargs): yield i + s, t, v if ctx: ctx.pos = match.end() return callback class default: """ Indicates a state or state action (e.g. #pop) to apply. For example default('#pop') is equivalent to ('', Token, '#pop') Note that state tuples may be used as well. .. versionadded:: 2.0 """ def __init__(self, state): self.state = state class words(Future): """ Indicates a list of literal words that is transformed into an optimized regex that matches any of the words. .. versionadded:: 2.0 """ def __init__(self, words, prefix='', suffix=''): self.words = words self.prefix = prefix self.suffix = suffix def get(self): return regex_opt(self.words, prefix=self.prefix, suffix=self.suffix) class RegexLexerMeta(LexerMeta): """ Metaclass for RegexLexer, creates the self._tokens attribute from self.tokens on the first instantiation. """ def _process_regex(cls, regex, rflags, state): """Preprocess the regular expression component of a token definition.""" if isinstance(regex, Future): regex = regex.get() return re.compile(regex, rflags).match def _process_token(cls, token): """Preprocess the token component of a token definition.""" assert type(token) is _TokenType or callable(token), \ 'token type must be simple type or callable, not %r' % (token,) return token def _process_new_state(cls, new_state, unprocessed, processed): """Preprocess the state transition action of a token definition.""" if isinstance(new_state, str): # an existing state if new_state == '#pop': return -1 elif new_state in unprocessed: return (new_state,) elif new_state == '#push': return new_state elif new_state[:5] == '#pop:': return -int(new_state[5:]) else: assert False, 'unknown new state %r' % new_state elif isinstance(new_state, combined): # combine a new state from existing ones tmp_state = '_tmp_%d' % cls._tmpname cls._tmpname += 1 itokens = [] for istate in new_state: assert istate != new_state, 'circular state ref %r' % istate itokens.extend(cls._process_state(unprocessed, processed, istate)) processed[tmp_state] = itokens return (tmp_state,) elif isinstance(new_state, tuple): # push more than one state for istate in new_state: assert (istate in unprocessed or istate in ('#pop', '#push')), \ 'unknown new state ' + istate return new_state else: assert False, 'unknown new state def %r' % new_state def _process_state(cls, unprocessed, processed, state): """Preprocess a single state definition.""" assert type(state) is str, "wrong state name %r" % state assert state[0] != '#', "invalid state name %r" % state if state in processed: return processed[state] tokens = processed[state] = [] rflags = cls.flags for tdef in unprocessed[state]: if isinstance(tdef, include): # it's a state reference assert tdef != state, "circular state reference %r" % state tokens.extend(cls._process_state(unprocessed, processed, str(tdef))) continue if isinstance(tdef, _inherit): # should be processed already, but may not in the case of: # 1. the state has no counterpart in any parent # 2. the state includes more than one 'inherit' continue if isinstance(tdef, default): new_state = cls._process_new_state(tdef.state, unprocessed, processed) tokens.append((re.compile('').match, None, new_state)) continue assert type(tdef) is tuple, "wrong rule def %r" % tdef try: rex = cls._process_regex(tdef[0], rflags, state) except Exception as err: raise ValueError("uncompilable regex %r in state %r of %r: %s" % (tdef[0], state, cls, err)) from err token = cls._process_token(tdef[1]) if len(tdef) == 2: new_state = None else: new_state = cls._process_new_state(tdef[2], unprocessed, processed) tokens.append((rex, token, new_state)) return tokens def process_tokendef(cls, name, tokendefs=None): """Preprocess a dictionary of token definitions.""" processed = cls._all_tokens[name] = {} tokendefs = tokendefs or cls.tokens[name] for state in list(tokendefs): cls._process_state(tokendefs, processed, state) return processed def get_tokendefs(cls): """ Merge tokens from superclasses in MRO order, returning a single tokendef dictionary. Any state that is not defined by a subclass will be inherited automatically. States that *are* defined by subclasses will, by default, override that state in the superclass. If a subclass wishes to inherit definitions from a superclass, it can use the special value "inherit", which will cause the superclass' state definition to be included at that point in the state. """ tokens = {} inheritable = {} for c in cls.__mro__: toks = c.__dict__.get('tokens', {}) for state, items in toks.items(): curitems = tokens.get(state) if curitems is None: # N.b. because this is assigned by reference, sufficiently # deep hierarchies are processed incrementally (e.g. for # A(B), B(C), C(RegexLexer), B will be premodified so X(B) # will not see any inherits in B). tokens[state] = items try: inherit_ndx = items.index(inherit) except ValueError: continue inheritable[state] = inherit_ndx continue inherit_ndx = inheritable.pop(state, None) if inherit_ndx is None: continue # Replace the "inherit" value with the items curitems[inherit_ndx:inherit_ndx+1] = items try: # N.b. this is the index in items (that is, the superclass # copy), so offset required when storing below. new_inh_ndx = items.index(inherit) except ValueError: pass else: inheritable[state] = inherit_ndx + new_inh_ndx return tokens def __call__(cls, *args, **kwds): """Instantiate cls after preprocessing its token definitions.""" if '_tokens' not in cls.__dict__: cls._all_tokens = {} cls._tmpname = 0 if hasattr(cls, 'token_variants') and cls.token_variants: # don't process yet pass else: cls._tokens = cls.process_tokendef('', cls.get_tokendefs()) return type.__call__(cls, *args, **kwds) class RegexLexer(Lexer, metaclass=RegexLexerMeta): """ Base for simple stateful regular expression-based lexers. Simplifies the lexing process so that you need only provide a list of states and regular expressions. """ #: Flags for compiling the regular expressions. #: Defaults to MULTILINE. flags = re.MULTILINE #: At all time there is a stack of states. Initially, the stack contains #: a single state 'root'. The top of the stack is called "the current state". #: #: Dict of ``{'state': [(regex, tokentype, new_state), ...], ...}`` #: #: ``new_state`` can be omitted to signify no state transition. #: If ``new_state`` is a string, it is pushed on the stack. This ensure #: the new current state is ``new_state``. #: If ``new_state`` is a tuple of strings, all of those strings are pushed #: on the stack and the current state will be the last element of the list. #: ``new_state`` can also be ``combined('state1', 'state2', ...)`` #: to signify a new, anonymous state combined from the rules of two #: or more existing ones. #: Furthermore, it can be '#pop' to signify going back one step in #: the state stack, or '#push' to push the current state on the stack #: again. Note that if you push while in a combined state, the combined #: state itself is pushed, and not only the state in which the rule is #: defined. #: #: The tuple can also be replaced with ``include('state')``, in which #: case the rules from the state named by the string are included in the #: current one. tokens = {} def get_tokens_unprocessed(self, text, stack=('root',)): """ Split ``text`` into (tokentype, text) pairs. ``stack`` is the initial stack (default: ``['root']``) """ pos = 0 tokendefs = self._tokens statestack = list(stack) statetokens = tokendefs[statestack[-1]] while 1: for rexmatch, action, new_state in statetokens: m = rexmatch(text, pos) if m: if action is not None: if type(action) is _TokenType: yield pos, action, m.group() else: yield from action(self, m) pos = m.end() if new_state is not None: # state transition if isinstance(new_state, tuple): for state in new_state: if state == '#pop': if len(statestack) > 1: statestack.pop() elif state == '#push': statestack.append(statestack[-1]) else: statestack.append(state) elif isinstance(new_state, int): # pop, but keep at least one state on the stack # (random code leading to unexpected pops should # not allow exceptions) if abs(new_state) >= len(statestack): del statestack[1:] else: del statestack[new_state:] elif new_state == '#push': statestack.append(statestack[-1]) else: assert False, "wrong state def: %r" % new_state statetokens = tokendefs[statestack[-1]] break else: # We are here only if all state tokens have been considered # and there was not a match on any of them. try: if text[pos] == '\n': # at EOL, reset state to "root" statestack = ['root'] statetokens = tokendefs['root'] yield pos, Whitespace, '\n' pos += 1 continue yield pos, Error, text[pos] pos += 1 except IndexError: break class LexerContext: """ A helper object that holds lexer position data. """ def __init__(self, text, pos, stack=None, end=None): self.text = text self.pos = pos self.end = end or len(text) # end=0 not supported ;-) self.stack = stack or ['root'] def __repr__(self): return 'LexerContext(%r, %r, %r)' % ( self.text, self.pos, self.stack) class ExtendedRegexLexer(RegexLexer): """ A RegexLexer that uses a context object to store its state. """ def get_tokens_unprocessed(self, text=None, context=None): """ Split ``text`` into (tokentype, text) pairs. If ``context`` is given, use this lexer context instead. """ tokendefs = self._tokens if not context: ctx = LexerContext(text, 0) statetokens = tokendefs['root'] else: ctx = context statetokens = tokendefs[ctx.stack[-1]] text = ctx.text while 1: for rexmatch, action, new_state in statetokens: m = rexmatch(text, ctx.pos, ctx.end) if m: if action is not None: if type(action) is _TokenType: yield ctx.pos, action, m.group() ctx.pos = m.end() else: yield from action(self, m, ctx) if not new_state: # altered the state stack? statetokens = tokendefs[ctx.stack[-1]] # CAUTION: callback must set ctx.pos! if new_state is not None: # state transition if isinstance(new_state, tuple): for state in new_state: if state == '#pop': if len(ctx.stack) > 1: ctx.stack.pop() elif state == '#push': ctx.stack.append(ctx.stack[-1]) else: ctx.stack.append(state) elif isinstance(new_state, int): # see RegexLexer for why this check is made if abs(new_state) >= len(ctx.stack): del ctx.stack[1:] else: del ctx.stack[new_state:] elif new_state == '#push': ctx.stack.append(ctx.stack[-1]) else: assert False, "wrong state def: %r" % new_state statetokens = tokendefs[ctx.stack[-1]] break else: try: if ctx.pos >= ctx.end: break if text[ctx.pos] == '\n': # at EOL, reset state to "root" ctx.stack = ['root'] statetokens = tokendefs['root'] yield ctx.pos, Text, '\n' ctx.pos += 1 continue yield ctx.pos, Error, text[ctx.pos] ctx.pos += 1 except IndexError: break def do_insertions(insertions, tokens): """ Helper for lexers which must combine the results of several sublexers. ``insertions`` is a list of ``(index, itokens)`` pairs. Each ``itokens`` iterable should be inserted at position ``index`` into the token stream given by the ``tokens`` argument. The result is a combined token stream. TODO: clean up the code here. """ insertions = iter(insertions) try: index, itokens = next(insertions) except StopIteration: # no insertions yield from tokens return realpos = None insleft = True # iterate over the token stream where we want to insert # the tokens from the insertion list. for i, t, v in tokens: # first iteration. store the position of first item if realpos is None: realpos = i oldi = 0 while insleft and i + len(v) >= index: tmpval = v[oldi:index - i] if tmpval: yield realpos, t, tmpval realpos += len(tmpval) for it_index, it_token, it_value in itokens: yield realpos, it_token, it_value realpos += len(it_value) oldi = index - i try: index, itokens = next(insertions) except StopIteration: insleft = False break # not strictly necessary if oldi < len(v): yield realpos, t, v[oldi:] realpos += len(v) - oldi # leftover tokens while insleft: # no normal tokens, set realpos to zero realpos = realpos or 0 for p, t, v in itokens: yield realpos, t, v realpos += len(v) try: index, itokens = next(insertions) except StopIteration: insleft = False break # not strictly necessary class ProfilingRegexLexerMeta(RegexLexerMeta): """Metaclass for ProfilingRegexLexer, collects regex timing info.""" def _process_regex(cls, regex, rflags, state): if isinstance(regex, words): rex = regex_opt(regex.words, prefix=regex.prefix, suffix=regex.suffix) else: rex = regex compiled = re.compile(rex, rflags) def match_func(text, pos, endpos=sys.maxsize): info = cls._prof_data[-1].setdefault((state, rex), [0, 0.0]) t0 = time.time() res = compiled.match(text, pos, endpos) t1 = time.time() info[0] += 1 info[1] += t1 - t0 return res return match_func class ProfilingRegexLexer(RegexLexer, metaclass=ProfilingRegexLexerMeta): """Drop-in replacement for RegexLexer that does profiling of its regexes.""" _prof_data = [] _prof_sort_index = 4 # defaults to time per call def get_tokens_unprocessed(self, text, stack=('root',)): # this needs to be a stack, since using(this) will produce nested calls self.__class__._prof_data.append({}) yield from RegexLexer.get_tokens_unprocessed(self, text, stack) rawdata = self.__class__._prof_data.pop() data = sorted(((s, repr(r).strip('u\'').replace('\\\\', '\\')[:65], n, 1000 * t, 1000 * t / n) for ((s, r), (n, t)) in rawdata.items()), key=lambda x: x[self._prof_sort_index], reverse=True) sum_total = sum(x[3] for x in data) print() print('Profiling result for %s lexing %d chars in %.3f ms' % (self.__class__.__name__, len(text), sum_total)) print('=' * 110) print('%-20s %-64s ncalls tottime percall' % ('state', 'regex')) print('-' * 110) for d in data: print('%-20s %-65s %5d %8.4f %8.4f' % d) print('=' * 110)
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