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name : ephemeral.py
 # This file is part of cloud-init. See LICENSE file for license information.

"""Module for ephemeral network context managers
"""
import contextlib
import logging
from functools import partial
from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional

import cloudinit.net as net
from cloudinit.net.dhcp import (
    Dhcpcd,
    NoDHCPLeaseError,
    maybe_perform_dhcp_discovery,
)
from cloudinit.subp import ProcessExecutionError

LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class EphemeralIPv4Network:
    """Context manager which sets up temporary static network configuration.

    No operations are performed if the provided interface already has the
    specified configuration.
    This can be verified with the connectivity_url_data.
    If unconnected, bring up the interface with valid ip, prefix and broadcast.
    If router is provided setup a default route for that interface. Upon
    context exit, clean up the interface leaving no configuration behind.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        distro,
        interface,
        ip,
        prefix_or_mask,
        broadcast,
        router=None,
        connectivity_url_data: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        static_routes=None,
    ):
        """Setup context manager and validate call signature.

        @param interface: Name of the network interface to bring up.
        @param ip: IP address to assign to the interface.
        @param prefix_or_mask: Either netmask of the format X.X.X.X or an int
            prefix.
        @param broadcast: Broadcast address for the IPv4 network.
        @param router: Optionally the default gateway IP.
        @param connectivity_url_data: Optionally, a URL to verify if a usable
           connection already exists.
        @param static_routes: Optionally a list of static routes from DHCP
        """
        if not all([interface, ip, prefix_or_mask, broadcast]):
            raise ValueError(
                "Cannot init network on {0} with {1}/{2} and bcast {3}".format(
                    interface, ip, prefix_or_mask, broadcast
                )
            )
        try:
            self.prefix = net.ipv4_mask_to_net_prefix(prefix_or_mask)
        except ValueError as e:
            raise ValueError(
                "Cannot setup network, invalid prefix or "
                "netmask: {0}".format(e)
            ) from e

        self.connectivity_url_data = connectivity_url_data
        self.interface = interface
        self.ip = ip
        self.broadcast = broadcast
        self.router = router
        self.static_routes = static_routes
        # List of commands to run to cleanup state.
        self.cleanup_cmds: List[Callable] = []
        self.distro = distro
        self.cidr = f"{self.ip}/{self.prefix}"

    def __enter__(self):
        """Perform ephemeral network setup if interface is not connected."""
        if self.connectivity_url_data:
            if net.has_url_connectivity(self.connectivity_url_data):
                LOG.debug(
                    "Skip ephemeral network setup, instance has connectivity"
                    " to %s",
                    self.connectivity_url_data["url"],
                )
                return

        try:
            self._bringup_device()

            # rfc3442 requires us to ignore the router config *if*
            # classless static routes are provided.
            #
            # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3442
            #
            # If the DHCP server returns both a Classless Static Routes
            # option and a Router option, the DHCP client MUST ignore
            # the Router option.
            #
            # Similarly, if the DHCP server returns both a Classless
            # Static Routes option and a Static Routes option, the DHCP
            # client MUST ignore the Static Routes option.
            if self.static_routes:
                self._bringup_static_routes()
            elif self.router:
                self._bringup_router()
        except ProcessExecutionError:
            self.__exit__(None, None, None)
            raise

    def __exit__(self, excp_type, excp_value, excp_traceback):
        """Teardown anything we set up."""
        for cmd in self.cleanup_cmds:
            cmd()

    def _bringup_device(self):
        """Perform the ip commands to fully setup the device."""
        LOG.debug(
            "Attempting setup of ephemeral network on %s with %s brd %s",
            self.interface,
            self.cidr,
            self.broadcast,
        )
        try:
            self.distro.net_ops.add_addr(
                self.interface, self.cidr, self.broadcast
            )
        except ProcessExecutionError as e:
            if "File exists" not in str(e.stderr):
                raise
            LOG.debug(
                "Skip ephemeral network setup, %s already has address %s",
                self.interface,
                self.ip,
            )
        else:
            # Address creation success, bring up device and queue cleanup
            self.distro.net_ops.link_up(self.interface, family="inet")
            self.cleanup_cmds.append(
                partial(
                    self.distro.net_ops.link_down,
                    self.interface,
                    family="inet",
                )
            )
            self.cleanup_cmds.append(
                partial(
                    self.distro.net_ops.del_addr, self.interface, self.cidr
                )
            )

    def _bringup_static_routes(self):
        # static_routes = [("169.254.169.254/32", "130.56.248.255"),
        #                  ("0.0.0.0/0", "130.56.240.1")]
        for net_address, gateway in self.static_routes:
            # Use "append" rather than "add" since the DHCP server may provide
            # rfc3442 classless static routes with multiple routes to the same
            # subnet via different routers or local interface addresses.
            #
            # In this scenario, `ip r add` fails.
            #
            # RHBZ: #2003231
            self.distro.net_ops.append_route(
                self.interface, net_address, gateway
            )
            self.cleanup_cmds.insert(
                0,
                partial(
                    self.distro.net_ops.del_route,
                    self.interface,
                    net_address,
                    gateway=gateway,
                ),
            )

    def _bringup_router(self):
        """Perform the ip commands to fully setup the router if needed."""
        # Check if a default route exists and exit if it does
        out = self.distro.net_ops.get_default_route()
        if "default" in out:
            LOG.debug(
                "Skip ephemeral route setup. %s already has default route: %s",
                self.interface,
                out.strip(),
            )
            return
        self.distro.net_ops.add_route(
            self.interface, self.router, source_address=self.ip
        )
        self.cleanup_cmds.insert(
            0,
            partial(
                self.distro.net_ops.del_route,
                self.interface,
                self.router,
                source_address=self.ip,
            ),
        )
        self.distro.net_ops.add_route(
            self.interface, "default", gateway=self.router
        )
        self.cleanup_cmds.insert(
            0,
            partial(self.distro.net_ops.del_route, self.interface, "default"),
        )


class EphemeralIPv6Network:
    """Context manager which sets up a ipv6 link local address

    The linux kernel assigns link local addresses on link-up, which is
    sufficient for link-local communication.
    """

    def __init__(self, distro, interface):
        """Setup context manager and validate call signature.

        @param interface: Name of the network interface to bring up.
        @param ip: IP address to assign to the interface.
        @param prefix: IPv6 uses prefixes, not netmasks
        """
        if not interface:
            raise ValueError("Cannot init network on {0}".format(interface))

        self.interface = interface
        self.distro = distro

    def __enter__(self):
        """linux kernel does autoconfiguration even when autoconf=0

        https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/networking/ipv6.html
        """
        if net.read_sys_net(self.interface, "operstate") != "up":
            self.distro.net_ops.link_up(self.interface)

    def __exit__(self, *_args):
        """No need to set the link to down state"""


class EphemeralDHCPv4:
    def __init__(
        self,
        distro,
        iface=None,
        connectivity_url_data: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        dhcp_log_func=None,
    ):
        self.iface = iface
        self._ephipv4 = None
        self.lease = None
        self.dhcp_log_func = dhcp_log_func
        self.connectivity_url_data = connectivity_url_data
        self.distro = distro

    def __enter__(self):
        """Setup sandboxed dhcp context, unless connectivity_url can already be
        reached."""
        if self.connectivity_url_data:
            if net.has_url_connectivity(self.connectivity_url_data):
                LOG.debug(
                    "Skip ephemeral DHCP setup, instance has connectivity"
                    " to %s",
                    self.connectivity_url_data,
                )
                return
        return self.obtain_lease()

    def __exit__(self, excp_type, excp_value, excp_traceback):
        """Teardown sandboxed dhcp context."""
        self.clean_network()

    def clean_network(self):
        """Exit _ephipv4 context to teardown of ip configuration performed."""
        self.lease = None
        if self._ephipv4:
            self._ephipv4.__exit__(None, None, None)

    def obtain_lease(self):
        """Perform dhcp discovery in a sandboxed environment if possible.

        @return: A dict representing dhcp options on the most recent lease
            obtained from the dhclient discovery if run, otherwise an error
            is raised.

        @raises: NoDHCPLeaseError if no leases could be obtained.
        """
        if self.lease:
            return self.lease
        self.lease = maybe_perform_dhcp_discovery(
            self.distro, self.iface, self.dhcp_log_func
        )
        if not self.lease:
            raise NoDHCPLeaseError()
        LOG.debug(
            "Received dhcp lease on %s for %s/%s",
            self.lease["interface"],
            self.lease["fixed-address"],
            self.lease["subnet-mask"],
        )
        nmap = {
            "interface": "interface",
            "ip": "fixed-address",
            "prefix_or_mask": "subnet-mask",
            "broadcast": "broadcast-address",
            "static_routes": [
                "rfc3442-classless-static-routes",
                "classless-static-routes",
                "static_routes",
            ],
            "router": "routers",
        }
        kwargs = self.extract_dhcp_options_mapping(nmap)
        if not kwargs["broadcast"]:
            kwargs["broadcast"] = net.mask_and_ipv4_to_bcast_addr(
                kwargs["prefix_or_mask"], kwargs["ip"]
            )
        if kwargs["static_routes"]:
            kwargs[
                "static_routes"
            ] = self.distro.dhcp_client.parse_static_routes(
                kwargs["static_routes"]
            )
        if self.connectivity_url_data:
            kwargs["connectivity_url_data"] = self.connectivity_url_data
        if isinstance(self.distro.dhcp_client, Dhcpcd):
            ephipv4 = DhcpcdEphemeralIPv4Network(self.distro, **kwargs)
        else:
            ephipv4 = EphemeralIPv4Network(self.distro, **kwargs)
        ephipv4.__enter__()
        self._ephipv4 = ephipv4
        return self.lease

    def extract_dhcp_options_mapping(self, nmap):
        result = {}
        for internal_reference, lease_option_names in nmap.items():
            if isinstance(lease_option_names, list):
                self.get_first_option_value(
                    internal_reference, lease_option_names, result
                )
            else:
                result[internal_reference] = self.lease.get(lease_option_names)
        return result

    def get_first_option_value(
        self, internal_mapping, lease_option_names, result
    ):
        for different_names in lease_option_names:
            if not result.get(internal_mapping):
                result[internal_mapping] = self.lease.get(different_names)


class DhcpcdEphemeralIPv4Network(EphemeralIPv4Network):
    """dhcpcd sets up its own ephemeral network and routes"""

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

        # clean up after dhcpcd
        self.cleanup_cmds.append(
            partial(
                self.distro.net_ops.link_down,
                self.interface,
                family="inet",
            )
        )
        self.cleanup_cmds.append(
            partial(self.distro.net_ops.del_addr, self.interface, self.cidr)
        )

    def __enter__(self):
        return


class EphemeralIPNetwork:
    """Combined ephemeral context manager for IPv4 and IPv6

    Either ipv4 or ipv6 ephemeral network may fail to initialize, but if either
    succeeds, then this context manager will not raise exception. This allows
    either ipv4 or ipv6 ephemeral network to succeed, but requires that error
    handling for networks unavailable be done within the context.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        distro,
        interface,
        ipv6: bool = False,
        ipv4: bool = True,
    ):
        self.interface = interface
        self.ipv4 = ipv4
        self.ipv6 = ipv6
        self.stack = contextlib.ExitStack()
        self.state_msg: str = ""
        self.distro = distro

    def __enter__(self):
        if not (self.ipv4 or self.ipv6):
            # no ephemeral network requested, but this object still needs to
            # function as a context manager
            return self
        exceptions = []
        ephemeral_obtained = False
        if self.ipv4:
            try:
                self.stack.enter_context(
                    EphemeralDHCPv4(
                        self.distro,
                        self.interface,
                    )
                )
                ephemeral_obtained = True
            except (ProcessExecutionError, NoDHCPLeaseError) as e:
                LOG.info("Failed to bring up %s for ipv4.", self)
                exceptions.append(e)

        if self.ipv6:
            try:
                self.stack.enter_context(
                    EphemeralIPv6Network(
                        self.distro,
                        self.interface,
                    )
                )
                ephemeral_obtained = True
                if exceptions or not self.ipv4:
                    self.state_msg = "using link-local ipv6"
            except ProcessExecutionError as e:
                LOG.info("Failed to bring up %s for ipv6.", self)
                exceptions.append(e)
        if not ephemeral_obtained:
            # Ephemeral network setup failed in linkup for both ipv4 and
            # ipv6. Raise only the first exception found.
            LOG.error(
                "Failed to bring up EphemeralIPNetwork. "
                "Datasource setup cannot continue"
            )
            raise exceptions[0]
        return self

    def __exit__(self, *_args):
        self.stack.close()
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